Crystalline silica, found naturally in the Earth's crust, is in materials like sand, stone, concrete, mortar, and asphalt. It is also found in glass, pottery, ceramics, bricks, and artificial stone. Using power tools to cut, drill, or grind these materials can release tiny particles into the air known as respirable crystalline silica (RCS). Workers who breathe in RCS can develop silicosis, a disease that permanently scars the lungs. It can also cause lung cancer, kidney disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Fortunately, silica-related diseases are preventable by reducing workers’ exposure to RCS. These tips can help:
1 Use effective exhaust and vacuum systems.
Local exhaust and vacuum systems with HEPA filters can remove dust before it gets into the lungs of the operator or surrounding employees. Keep the system and dust collectors serviced and maintained.
2 Use wet methods that apply water to dusty areas.
Wet drilling or wet cutting can prevent the release of RCS particles. For example, spraying a constant volume of water directly onto the tip of a tool suppresses the dust before it becomes airborne. Avoid dry sweeping or using compressed air to clean up dust.
3 Limit access to high-exposure areas.
Whenever possible, enclose areas where higher RCS levels are likely, so all dust is contained. Create a perimeter around the source of the dust using physical barriers or signs to prevent unauthorized entry. Reduce the time employees work with RCS materials to lessen airborne dust.
4 Use personal protective equipment (PPE).
Provide workers with the appropriate respiratory protection when dust levels cannot be reduced below the OSHA permissible exposure limit (PEL). Ensure respirators fit properly, are regularly inspected, and replaced as needed. Also, provide workers with gloves, goggles, and protective clothing to reduce skin and eye contact with RCS-containing materials.
5 Provide training and education.
Train workers on the hazards of RCS exposure, safe handling procedures, and the use of control measures. Regularly reinforce this training to ensure that workers know the latest safety protocols.
6 Participate in a medical monitoring program when RCS levels are above exposure limits.
Start a medical surveillance program to monitor workers' health and detect any early signs of respiratory diseases. Regular medical exams and lung function tests can help identify potential health issues caused by RCS exposure. Encourage workers to report any symptoms or concerns promptly.
Review the OSHA Respirable Crystalline Silica Rule for Construction and General Industry/Maritime for more information on RCS safety in the workplace. If you would like free, confidential on-site or virtual assistance to ensure your company is complying with OSHA standards, contact a Texas Occupational Safety and Health Consultation (OSHCON) professional at 800-252-7031, option 2, or OSHCON@tdi.texas.gov.